Q: What is history? Which theory of history is the most beneficial?
A: History is made up of many subjects and events, and can have many different definitions and meanings. History is defined as “the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future” (wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn). Basically, what this quote is trying to explain to people searching for historical information is that history is the continuation of events that are happening in chronological order. History is also defined as a chronological record of significant events (as affecting a nation or institution) often including an explanation of their causes” (http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/02088/introduction.htm). In other words, history is made up of all different events, small or large; significant and minor, that happened in the past and could still affect the people of today and the people of tomorrow positively and negatively. History is made up of people’s true stories of the past, as well as stories of the well-known empires and civilizations, such as ancient Rome, Greece, and England and the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas, that people read about and can experience fully and in detail in a textbook, on the computer, or on the news. “The author Jared Diamond, in his book
Guns, Germs, and Steel, stressed that geography determined the destinies of civilizations and the history as a whole,” (http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/02088/introduction.htm). The meaning of this quote explains to people that geography can determine history completely as a whole. Geography can have various effects on history by changing events and in some cases changing cultures over time. This is somewhat true because if you have good, fertile land, like the Fertile Crescent, then you will have a prosperous civilization such as, Greece and Rome, and with a prosperous civilization comes technological advancements such as, writing, paper money, automobiles, mathematics, computers, and cell phones, and when the people who live in that village or city have technological advancements, that civilization becomes a bigger, more involved part of history.
Geography can also affect history in negative, unproductive ways. People trying to start a civilization in a barren land, such as a desert land, will find it hard to prosper and thrive because no crops will grow and there is no water source for the people and animals that must be domesticated to have a prosperous civilization. Technology advancements could be slow or minimal, if existent at all in these countries, villages, or civilizations. These areas may be poverty stricken and take much more time to develop than the area where geography has helped the civilization, people, animals, and crops flourish and thrive.
The best theory of history is the Linear theory of history because it is the easiest theory for modern day people to understand and take valuable information from. The Linear theory of history also helps the person gathering information about a certain place, such as ancient Rome, Greece, England, and civilizations such as, the Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Incas; narrow the information down to not just the history of Rome, but a certain part or certain people from Rome. The Linear theory of history gives the person trying to find information every aspect of the place’s history; it gives them the government of the country, city, village, or civilization, the background of the people that reside in those places, the important, notable people that came from that country, city, or village, the crops and goods produced there, and the geographical state of the country or civilization. The Linear theory of history lays every piece of information, and even pictures, out for the person or people conducting the research to gain a better understanding of history. Linear comes from the Latin word, linearis, which is translated into created by lines. A person can simply look at a timeline and see all of the events that happened in history in chronological order. Linear history lays everything out so people can access the information they are looking for more quickly.
The Linear theory of history is a better theory of history than the Cyclical theory of history, the Hegelian theory of history, and the Vortextual theory of history for many reasons. The Cyclical theory of history is defined as “a doctrine that all events occur in cycles that are more or less alike” (http://frank.mtsu.edu/~nboone/theoryhistory.pdf). This basically means that throughout history events will continue to repeat themselves in cycles. The Hegelian theory of history is defined as “the monist, idealist philosophy of Hegel in which the dialectic of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis is used as an analytic tool in order to approach a higher unity or a new thesis,” (http://www.answers.com/topic/hegelianism). The quote is basically saying that you have a thesis, an antithesis, and a synthesis. One event leads to another event and so forth. The Hegelian theory of history is based on behavior and relationships of varied cultures and how these factors have affected history. The Vortextual theory of history resembles a vortex starting with a large event such as, the Renaissance age, and then moves down to smaller events such as, the Dark ages. The Linear theory of history is better than the Cyclical theory of history, the Hegelian theory of history and the Vortextual theory of history because it is much easier to understand and tells the person looking at the timeline the specific events that happened with additional information on each event, while the Cyclical theory of history, the Hegelian theory of history and the Vortextual theory of history do not lay any information out, in a clear picture and can be more confusing for the person or people trying to use the Vortextual, Cyclical, and Hegelian theories of history to conduct research instead of the Linear theory of history. The theory of Cyclical history, the theory of Hegelian history, and the theory of Vortextual history are exceptional ways to gather information about history, but the Linear theory of history is the most helpful theory while trying to gather information on certain events, people, empires, and civilizations in history.